Along with architect Andrew Jackson Downing, they envisioned a great park. Durand and writer William Cullen Bryant, recalling their rural upbringing and the great parks of Europe, advocated the therapeutic value of nature in the overcrowded city. Main article: Central Park John Singer Sargent, Frederick Law Olmsted, (1822-1903) (1895)Īs the population grew explosively in Lower Manhattan after 1820, middle-class residents were drawn to the few existing open spaces, mainly cemeteries, to get away from the noises, smells, and chaotic life in the city. Although there were no deaths as a result of the attack, the arsonists completely destroyed the hospital compound. Angry residents burned down the hospital compound in 1858 in a series of attacks known as the Staten Island Quarantine War. Staten Island Quarantine War įrom 1800 to 1858, Staten Island was the location of the largest quarantine facility in the United States. Women were regarded as depersonalized objects of lewd talk, and gang rapes became an opportunity for male bonding. Sexual harassment of women increased because women were more visible outside the home, as many worked in factories and shops. Irish and German immigrants brought European influences. The emerging male code emphasized physical courage, defiance of authority, and class pride. Historians such as Michael Kaplan and Elliott Gorn have argued that an intensifying highly masculine working-class male identity fostered gangs, brawling, and even homicide and rape, which was fueled by New York City taverns. Historian Tyler Anbinder says the "Dead Rabbit" name "so captured the imagination of New Yorkers that the press continued to use it despite the abundant evidence that no such club or gang existed." Andbinder notes that, "for more than a decade, 'Dead Rabbit' became the standard phrase by which city residents described any scandalously riotous individual or group." It was the worst riot in New York City up to that time. While the police were busy with their feud, the Dead Rabbits Riot between two gangs in Five Points occurred in July, lasting two days, and was stopped only by intervention of the state militia. Resistance resulted in the New York City Police Riot of 1857. The new Republican Party in the late 1850s attempted to cut the power of Mayor Fernando Wood and other pro-South Democrats by abolishing the New York City Municipal Police Department in favor of a Metropolitan Police District. Pre-Civil War Second Avenue facing north from 42nd Street in 1861 Police, gangs and violence Clicking on a feature in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article. Ocean-going steamships and steam railroads, developed in earlier decades, grew to take over most long-distance transport, bringing an ever-increasing stream of immigration and industrialization. The Gilded Age brought about prosperity for the city's upper classes amid the further growth of a poor immigrant working class, as well as an increasing consolidation, both economic and municipal, of what would become the five boroughs in 1898. There was chaos during the American Civil War, with major rioting in the New York Draft Riots. Reforms led to the New York City Police Riot of June 1857. The history of New York City (1855–1897) started with the inauguration in 1855 of Fernando Wood as the first mayor from Tammany Hall, an institution that dominated the city throughout this period.
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